3D printing means the ‘fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology’.
[ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary]Additive manufacturing means the ‘process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies’. ‘Historical terms include: additive fabrication, additive processes, additive techniques, additive layer manufacturing, layer manufacturing, solid freeform fabrication and freeform fabrication.’
[ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary]Similar terms: focus, focal point
The beam waist means the ‘portion of a beam where the beam diameter or beam width has a local minimum’.[ISO 11145:2018, Optics and photonics — Lasers and laser-related equipment — Vocabulary and symbols]
The beam waist is thus the most energetic area of the laser beam and the place where the welding process is carried out.Similar term: build up [ISO/TR 25901-1]
Building up means ‘overlay welding to obtain or restore required dimensions’.[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]
Similar terms: curvature, bend
The cast is defined as the ‘diameter of some loops of wire placed on a flat surface without restraint’.[ISO 544:2017, Welding consumables — Technical delivery conditions for filler materials and fluxes — Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings]
Similar terms: coating, film
The cladding means a ‘material deposited on the parent material in order to produce a clad material’.[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]
The cladding process means ‘surfacing used for applying cladding’. ‘Cladding processes are overlay welding, hot rolling, explosive welding, etc.’
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]Similar term: application rate
The deposition rate means the ‘mass of metal deposited per unit of productive weld time’.[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]
The metal in our case is the wire material [EN 544].The dilution means the ‘mixing of melted parent metal and deposited metal expressed as a ratio of the melted parent metal to the total melted mass’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]The filler wire means a ‘filler material in the form of a wire which can be a part of the welding circuit’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]Similar term: welding flux [ISO/TR 25901-1]
The flux is a ‘substantially non-metallic auxiliary material used to clean the surfaces of the joint chemically, to prevent atmospheric oxidation, and to reduce impurities or float them to the surface in the form of slag’.[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]
The fusion face means the surface of the parent metal to be melted during welding’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]The fusion penetration means the ‘depth to which the fusion face of the parent metal has been fused’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]Fusion welding means ‘welding involving localized melting without the application of external force in which the fusion surface(s) has (have) to be melted with or without addition of filler material’
[ISO 11553-1:2020-04, Safety of machinery — Laser processing machines — Part 1: Laser safety requirements]
The filler material in our case is the wire material [EN 544].Similar terms: axis, positioning, robot, handling device
A handling unit means (along with measurement systems and control systems and laser assembly) the part of a laser unit that is responsible for positioning between the processing head and the workpiece. [ISO 11145]Similar terms: pitch, twist
‘The helix is defined as the vertical seperation between any part of one loop of wire placed on a flat surface without restraint and the flat surface.’[ISO 544:2017, Welding consumables — Technical delivery conditions for filler materials and fluxes — Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings]
Similar term: application rate
An interchangeable equipment ‘means a device which, after the putting into service of machinery or of a tractor, is assembled with that machinery or tractor by the operator himself in order to change its function or attribute a new function, in so far as this equipment is not a tool’.[Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery, European Union]
This is defined in more detail in the ‘Guide to the application of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC’, edition 2.2, European Commission with examples.Our products laser welding heads fall under this definition. The basic machinery is the laser processing machine.
A Laser means a ‘device having an energized amplifying medium within an optical resonator that generates coherent electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths up to 1 mm by means of amplified stimulated emission’.
[ISO 11145:2018-11, Optics and photonics — Lasers and laser-related equipment — Vocabulary and symbols]Similar term: laser cladding
Laser beam cladding means overlay welding by means of laser welding. [ISO 15609-4]Laser metal deposition means a directed energy deposition (DED) with a laser beam (-LB) on metallic materials (/M). [ISO/ASTM 52900, ISO/ASTM TR 52912]
Similar terms: laser unit [ISO 11145], machining center [ISO 10791], CNC machine, laser cell
A laser processing machine means a ‘machine in which (an) embedded laser(s) provide(s) sufficient energy or power to melt, evaporate, or cause a phase transition in at least a part of the workpiece, and which is ready to use in function and safety’.[ISO 11553-1:2020-04, Safety of machinery — Laser processing machines — Part 1: Laser safety requirements]
The laser processing machine is for our laser welding head, as an interchangeable equipment, the basic machinery [Guidance to application of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, edition 2.2, European Commission].Similar term: laser beam welding
Laser welding means ‘fusion welding using a coherent beam of monochromatic light’.[ISO/TR 25901-3:2016-03, Welding and allied processes – Vocabulary – Part 3: Welding processes]
Similar terms: laser metal deposition with wire (LMDW) [DIN 17024], wire laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) [DIN 17024]
Laser wire deposition means directed energy deposition with the welding consumable wire and the main energy source laser beam. [DIN 17024]Overlay welding means ‘surfacing by means of welding’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]Similar term: run [ISO/TR 25901-1], bead [ISO/TR 25901-1]
The pass means the ‘metal melted or deposited during one passage of an electrode, torch or blowpipe’. ‘The term pass is commonly used in beam welding.’[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]
Surfacing means the ‘deposition of material on a surface to obtain desired properties and/or dimensions’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]The weld means the ‘result of welding’. ‘The weld includes the weld metal and the heat-affected zone.’
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]Welding means a ‘joining process in which two or more parts are united producing a continuity in the nature of the workpiece material(s) by means of heat or pressure or both, and with or without the use of filler material’.
[ISO/TR 25901-1:2016-03, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms]
The filler material in our case is the wire material [EN 544].